Impact of viscosity variation on oblique flow of Cu–H2O nanofluid

Abstract

The dynamic properties of nanofluids have made them an area of intense research during the past few decades. In this article, flow of nonaligned stagnation point nanofluid is investigated. Copper–water based nanofluid in the presence of temperature-dependent viscosity is taken into account. The governing nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations transformed by partial differential equations are solved numerically by using fourth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg integration technique. Effects of variable viscosity parameter on velocity and temperature profiles of pure fluid and copper– water nanofluid are analyzed, discussed, and presented graphically. Streamlines, skin friction coefficients, and local heat flux of nanofluid under the impact of variable viscosity parameter, stretching ratio, and solid volume fraction of nanoparticles are also displayed and discussed. It is observed that an increase in solid volume fraction of nanoparticles enhances the magnitude of normal skin friction coefficient, tangential skin friction coefficient, and local heat flux. Viscosity parameter is found to have decreasing effect on normal and tangential skin friction coefficients whereas it has a positive influence on local heat flux.