Persistence of cyclic peptide toxins in dried Microcystis aeruginosa crusts from lake Mokoan, Australia

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Dried <jats:italic>Microcystis aeruginosa</jats:italic> Kuetzing emend. Elenkin crusts estimated to be 5–6 months old from the shore of Lake Mokoan were toxic by mouse bioassay (LD<jats:sub>100</jats:sub> 100–140 mg dry wt/kg mouse). Fresh bloom material from the lake was also highly toxic (LD<jats:sub>100</jats:sub> 25–35 mg dry wt/kg mouse). Microcystin high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles of the crust and fresh material were very similar, with 24 compounds having UV spectra consistent with microcystin LR. Five of the major microcystins were purified and analysed by electrospray/mass spectrometry. The molecular weights of these microcystins [910, 924, 982, 982 (two compounds), and 986] do not correspond with known microcystins. All five compounds were hepatotoxic to mice with LD<jats:sub>100</jats:sub> values ranging from 85 to 140 μg microcystin/kg mouse). Total microcystin contents (expressed as microcystin LR aquivalents) determined by HPLC correlated with the mouse bioassay analyses (crust 2.1 μg microcystin/mg dry wt; fresh 4.1 μg microcystin/mg dry wt). These results suggest that microcystin is protected from degradation while encapsulated within the dried <jats:italic>Microcystis</jats:italic> crusts. Leaching experiments demonstrated that re‐wetting of the crust material leads to rapid release of microcystins into the surrounding water. These observations have important management implications for lakes and reservoirs where crusts of cyanobacterial material form on the shoreline. © <jats:italic>by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</jats:italic>.</jats:p>