Patient-controlled analgesia with inhaled methoxyflurane versus conventional endoscopist-provided sedation for colonoscopy: a randomized multicenter trial

Abstract

Objective: Inhaled methoxyflurane (Penthrox, Medical Device International, Melbourne, Australia) has been used extensively in Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) to manage trauma-related pain. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and outcome of Penthrox for colonoscopy. Design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Three tertiary endoscopic centers. Patients: Two hundred fifty-one patients were randomized to receive either Penthrox (nZ125, 70 men, 51.4 1.1 years old) or intravenous midazolam and fentanyl (M&F; nZ126, 72 men, 54.9 1.1 years old) during colonoscopy. Main Outcome Measurement: Discomfort (visual analogue scale [VAS] pain score), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y [STAI-Y] anxiety score), colonoscopy performance, adverse events, and recovery time. Results: Precolonoscopy VAS pain and STAI-Y scores were comparable between the 2 groups. There were no differences between groups in (1) pain VAS or STAI Y-1 anxiety scores during or immediately after colonoscopy, (2) procedural success rate (Penthrox: 121/125 vs M&F: 124/126), (3) hypotension during colonoscopy (7/125 vs 8/126), (4) tachycardia (5/125 vs 3/126), (5) cecal arrival time (8 1 vs 8 1 minutes), or (6) polyp detection rate (30/125 vs 43/126). Additional intravenous sedation was required in 10 patients (8%) who received Penthrox. Patients receiving Penthrox alone had no desaturation (oxygen saturation [SaO2] ! 90%) events (0/115 vs 5/126; P Z .03), awoke quicker (3 0 vs 19 1 minutes; P ! .001) and were ready for discharge earlier (37 1 vs 66 2 minutes; P! .001) than those receiving intravenous M&F. Limitations: Inhaled Penthrox is not yet available in the United States and Europe. Conclusions: Patient-controlled analgesia with inhaled Penthrox is feasible and as effective as conventional sedation for colonoscopy with shorter recovery time, is not associated with respiratory depression, and does not influence the procedural success and polyp detection. (Gastrointest Endosc 2013;78:892-901.)